Table 1 Types and effects of antioxidant stabilizers with UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate
From: Antioxidants as stabilizers of UV filters: an example for the UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate
Year | Type of antioxidants | Effects as stabilizer of OMC | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
2003 | Vitamin E acetate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate | The bioconversion of antioxidant supplements improved sunscreen photoprotection (with OMC and avobenzone filters) by deactivation of the UV-induced ROS formation. | Hanson and Clegg 2003 |
2006 | Piperidine nitroxide TEMPOL | The combination of OMC with the piperidine nitroxide TEMPOL reduced the UV-induced damage in the skin. | |
2006 | Vitamins C and E | The cosmetic formulation with TiO(2) and TiO(2):Mn particles, BMDM, OMC, and vitamins C and E increased the UV filter retention and reduced ROS formation. | Wakefield and Stott 2006 |
2007 | Rutin | The cosmetic formulation with OMC and rutin induced a synergistic effect in relation to the sun protection factor UV-A and UV-B. | Velasco et al. 2008 |
2008 | Pyrrolidine nitroxide | A novel ‘multi-active’ UV absorber, based on OMC, when combined with DHHB presented a concomitant reduction of UV-induced ROS damage. | Venditti et al. 2008 |
2008 | Vitamins A, C, and E | A formulation containing the combinations of vitamins A, C, and E with photostable UV filters (OMC, BP-3 and OC) reduced skin irritation. | Gaspar and Campos 2007 |
2010 | Vitamins A and E | The photostabilizers DEHN and, particularly, BTDC influence the stability of OMC associated with vitamins A and E. | Gaspar and Campos 2007 |
2010 | Quercetin | Low concentration of quercetin significantly reduced the photodegradation of the UV-A and UV-B filter combination (BMDBM/OMC), reducing the UV-induced ROS formation without altering the performance of the sunscreen preparation. | Scalia and Mezzena 2010 |
2015 | RES and BTC | Formulations containing octocrylene, OMC, avobenzone, and bemotrizinole and supplemented with RES, BTC, or both compounds in combination improve the sunscreen safety by a reduction of delivery of UV filters into the stratum corneum and viable epidermis. | Freitas et al. 2015 |
2016 | Rutin-entrapped gelatin nanoparticles | Rutin-entrapped gelatin nanoparticles associated with UV filters, including OMC, increase 48% in SPF, evidencing a synergistic effect between nanoparticles and filters. | |
2016 | Gelatin-based nanoparticles | Gelatin-based nanoparticles associated with UV filters, including OMC, are safe (in vivo and in vitro) and effective once they increase the antioxidant protection of the emulsions developed.S | |
2016 | Rutin | Rutin when applied to UV-B filters shows photoprotective gain (mainly UV-A) and has potential to eliminate ROS. | Peres et al. 2016 |
2017 | Melatonin-loaded elastic niosomes | An emulsion formulated with melatonin-loaded elastic niosomes and OMC had a high antioxidant activity. | Azizoglu et al. 2017 |
2017 | Melatonin and pumpkin seed oil | A sunscreen formulation comprising avobenzone, OMC, oxybenzone, and titanium dioxide along with melatonin and pumpkin seed oil is nontoxic and safe in animal models, in a pre-clinical study. | Bora et al. 2017 |