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Table 1 Description of the investigational studies on oxidative stress gene polymorphisms in vitiligo workers and healthy controls

From: Vitiligo susceptibility at workplace and in daily life: the contribution of oxidative stress gene polymorphisms

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

Genotype

Ethnicity

Number of subjects

Type of study

Findings

Reference

GST-M1

rs366631

GST-T1

rs17856199

Positive/null**

Egyptian

122 cases

200 controls

Experimental

Subjects with GSTM1 null/heterozygous GSTT1 positive show a 2.97 OR protection from having generalized vitiligo compared with patients.

Aly et al. 2018

Egyptian

101 cases

101 controls

Experimental

GST-M1-null and GST-M1/GST-T1 double-null genotype represent a risk factor in women with vitiligo.

Bassiouny and Khorshied 2012

Iraq

100 cases

90 controls

Experimental

GST-M1- and GST-T1-null genotype show a significant association with vitiligo disorder.

Jalood et al. 2016

Korean

Chinese

Mediterranean

Egyptian

1258 cases1573 controls

Meta-analysis

GST-M1- and GST-T1-null genotypes are significantly associated with vitiligo.

Park HK et al. 2016

Han Chinese

749 cases

763 controls

Experimental

Homozygous deletion of GST-T1 subjects have higher vitiligo risk than that of GST-M1 although both genotypes have a predisposition to vitiligo.

Liu et al. 2009

Italian

Egyptian

Korean

Chinese

1358 cases

1673 controls

Meta-analysis

GST-M1-null polymorphism significantly associated with vitiligo risk in East Asian but not with Mediterranean subjects.

GST-T1-null polymorphism correlated with vitiligo risk in Mediterranean but not with East Asian subjects.

Lu et al. 2014

NRF2- 653 A/G

rs35652124

AA/AG/GG

Han Chinese

1136 cases

1200 controls

Experimental

Decreased risk of vitiligo associated with the NRF2 rs35652124 variant G allele (GG+GA genotype) while no evident risk is associated with NRF2 rs6721961 variant (AA).

Song P et al. 2016

NRF2 -617 C/A

rs6721961 formerly -650 C/A

CC/CA/AA

Han Chinese

300 cases

300 controls

Experimental

A -650 allele is higher in patients than in controls and may be a risk factor associated with the development of vitiligo.

Guan et al. 2008

HO-1 rs2071746

-413 A/T

AA/AT/TT

Han Chinese

1136 cases

1200 controls

Experimental

No evidence of correlation between allele and genotype frequencies of HO-1 rs2071746 A/T) and the disease.

Song P et al. 2016

HO-1 (GT)n repeats

S>L

GT lenght variability

Taiwanese

367 cases

420 controls

Experimental

Reduced risk is associated to the presence of short (GT)n repeats in the HO-1 gene promoter when exposed to environmental toxicants (no data available on vitiligo).

Wu et al. 2010

CAT (389 C/T) rs769217

Asp389Asp Ex 9

CC/CT/TT

US/Canadian

235 cases

177 controls

Experimental

Excess of heterozygosis (CT) in vitiligo subjects.

Casp et al. 2002

CAT (389 C/T) rs769217

Asp389Asp Ex 9

CC/CT/TT

Caucasian

166 cases

169 controls

Experimental

CAT gene C/T SNP associated with vitiligo susceptibility with the C/T genotype being significantly more frequent among vitiligo patients than healthy controls.

Gavalas et al. 2006

CAT (389 C/T) rs769217

Asp389Asp Ex 9

CC/CT/TT

US/Canadian/UK

Korean

Gujarati Indian

645 cases

689 controls

Meta-analysis

The authors suggest CT+TT genotype increases the susceptibility risk of vitiligo in the analysed populations.

Lv et al. 2011

CAT (389 C/T) rs769217 Asp389Asp Ex 9

CC/CT/TT

Egyptian

89 cases

90 controls

Experimental

Lack of association between CAT 389 C/T and vitiligo susceptibility in Egyptian patients.

Mehaney et al. 2014

CAT -89A/T (rs7943316)

CC/CT/TT

Gujarati Indian

126 cases

143 controls

Experimental

No association between CAT gene 389C/T polymorphism and vitiligo susceptibility.

Shajil et al. 2007

CAT (C/T) rs769217

Asp389Asp Ex 9

CC/CT/TT

AA/AT7TT

Korean

118 cases

200 controls

Experimental

The catalase gene polymorphism (rs769217 and rs7943316) may contribute to the susceptibility of vitiligo in Korean population, although susceptibility difference among ethnic groups may be due to a change in the allele frequency.

Park HH et al. 2006

CAT (C/T) rs769217

Asp389Asp Ex 9

CAT (A/T) rs7943316

CC/CT/TT

AA/AT/TT

UK

103 cases

107 ethnic controls

Experimental

Absence of association between CAT gene -89A>T and 389C>T polymorphism and vitiligo susceptibility.

Akbas et al. 2013

SOD1 35A/C rs2234694

AA/AC/CC

Turkish

101 cases

99 controls

Experimental

SOD1 35 A/C was similar in vitiligo patients and controls showing absence of significant difference between AA and AC genotypes.

Tuna et al. 2017

SOD2 A16V (C/T) rs4880

CC/CT/TT

Significant difference between cases and controls in the SOD2 Ala16Val (C/T) polymorphism with increased risk in the TT genotype.

SOD1

Ile40Thr (C/T) rs1804450

Vall82Val (T/C) rs11556619

Asn87Ser (A/G) rs11556620

Asn140Asn (C/T) rs1804449

CC/CT/TT

TT/TC/CC

AA/AG/GG

CC/CT/TT

Gujarati Indian

950 cases

1650 controls

Experimental

No association between SOD1 SNPs and vitiligo.

Laddha et al. 2013a, b

SOD2

Leu84Phe (C/T) rs11575993)

Thr58Ile (C/T) rs35289490) Val16Ala (T/C) rs4880)

Ile82Thr (T/C ) rs1141718)

CC/CT/TT

CC/CT/TT

TT/TC/CC

TT/TC/CC

Association between SOD1 rs35289490 and rs11575993 with vitiligo.

Absence of significant association of SOD2 rs4880 with vitiligo, although the C allele is prelavent in subjects with active vitiligo in comparison to patients with stable vitiligo.

SOD3

Arg213Gly (C/G) rs8192291

Ala40Thr (G/A) rs2536512

CC/CG/GG

GG/GA/AA

SOD3 rs8192291 SOD3 polymorphism was significantly associated with vitiligo susceptibility. The G allele was prevalent in patients compared to controls.

  1. For each polymorphism, the alternating nucleotides reported in brackets are coincident with those found on the DNA forward strand
  2. The name of each gene polymorphism is listed by using its common abbreviation, e.g., GST, NRF2, SOD
  3. The rs code is an accession number used in databases to refer to specific and unique SNPs
  4. **GST-M1 and GST-T1 null means the absence of both polymorphic genes