Table 1 Summary of studies on induced mDA neuron differentiation from fibroblasts
Reference | Dopamine neuron differentiation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transcription factor | miRNA | Chemical | Characteristics | Functional test | |
Pfisterer et al. 2011 | Ascl1, Brn2, Myt1l, Foxa2, and Lmx1a | N/A | N/A | -16.43 ± 4.3% conversion efficiency to neuron -Less than 10% of TH+ cells among neurons | -Electrophysiology -Spontaneous action potentials and rebound action potentials are comparable with mDA neuron |
Caiazzo et al. 2011 | Ascl1, Nurr1, and Lmx1a | N/A | N/A | -ICC TH+ (~ 5%), VMAT2, DAT, ALDH1A1, and calbindin -Gene expression pattern | -Electrophysiology -Spontaneous action potentials and rebound action potentials are comparable with mDA neuron -HPLC:DA release |
Kim et al. 2011 | Ascl1 and Pitx3 | N/A | Shh + FGF in N3 media (N2 + bFGF) | -ICC TH+ (~ 5%), Tuj, DAT, and AADC -Gene expression pattern | -Electrophysiology -HPLC:DA release -About 50% recovery in amphetamine-induced rotation -About 2000 TH+ cells in grafted with elevated dopamine level |
Addis et al. 2011 | Ascl1, Lmx1b, and Nurr1 | N/A | N/A | -ICC 35.15% of Tuj1+ 50.9 ± 3.3% of TH+ among Tuj1+ cells (18.2 ± 1.5% conversion rate) -Gene expression pattern | -Electrophysiology -HPLC:DA release |
Jiang et al. 2015 | Ascl1, Lmx1a, Nurr1, and p53 shRNA | miR-124 | Y27632/CHIR/VC/DM/SB/BDNF/PMN/NGF/GDNF/TGF-β | -ICC 93.3 ± 1.6% of Tuj1+, 59.2 ± 3.7% TH+ | -Electrophysiology -HPLC:DA release |