Table 1 Summary of studies on induced mDA neuron differentiation from fibroblasts
| Reference | Dopamine neuron differentiation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transcription factor | miRNA | Chemical | Characteristics | Functional test | |
| Pfisterer et al. 2011 | Ascl1, Brn2, Myt1l, Foxa2, and Lmx1a | N/A | N/A |
-16.43 ± 4.3% conversion efficiency to neuron -Less than 10% of TH+ cells among neurons |
-Electrophysiology -Spontaneous action potentials and rebound action potentials are comparable with mDA neuron |
| Caiazzo et al. 2011 | Ascl1, Nurr1, and Lmx1a | N/A | N/A |
-ICC TH+ (~ 5%), VMAT2, DAT, ALDH1A1, and calbindin -Gene expression pattern |
-Electrophysiology -Spontaneous action potentials and rebound action potentials are comparable with mDA neuron -HPLC:DA release |
| Kim et al. 2011 | Ascl1 and Pitx3 | N/A | Shh + FGF in N3 media (N2 + bFGF) |
-ICC TH+ (~ 5%), Tuj, DAT, and AADC -Gene expression pattern |
-Electrophysiology -HPLC:DA release -About 50% recovery in amphetamine-induced rotation -About 2000 TH+ cells in grafted with elevated dopamine level |
| Addis et al. 2011 | Ascl1, Lmx1b, and Nurr1 | N/A | N/A |
-ICC 35.15% of Tuj1+
50.9 ± 3.3% of TH+ among Tuj1+ cells (18.2 ± 1.5% conversion rate) -Gene expression pattern |
-Electrophysiology -HPLC:DA release |
| Jiang et al. 2015 | Ascl1, Lmx1a, Nurr1, and p53 shRNA | miR-124 | Y27632/CHIR/VC/DM/SB/BDNF/PMN/NGF/GDNF/TGF-β | -ICC 93.3 ± 1.6% of Tuj1+, 59.2 ± 3.7% TH+ |
-Electrophysiology -HPLC:DA release |